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The Berlin S-Bahn is a rapid transit railway system in and around Berlin, the capital city of Germany. It has been operated under this name since December 1930, having been previously called the special tariff area ''Berliner Stadt-, Ring- und Vorortbahnen'' (Berlin cross-city, circular, and suburban railways).〔 While in the first decades of this tariff zone the trains were steam-drawn, and while even after the electrification of large parts of the network a number of lines remained under steam, today the term ''S-Bahn'' is used in Berlin only for those lines and trains with third-rail electrical power transmission and the special Berlin S-Bahn loading gauge. The third unique technical feature, of the Berlin S-Bahn, the automated mechanical train control is being phased out and replaced by a communications-based train control system, but which again is specific to the Berlin S-Bahn. In other parts of Germany and other German-speaking countries, the brand name ''S-Bahn'' is used without those Berlin specific features. The Hamburg S-Bahn is the only other system using third-rail electrification. Today, the ''Berlin S-Bahn'' is no longer defined as this special tariff area of the national railway company, but is instead just one specific means of transportation, defined by its special technical characteristics, in an area-wide tariff administered by a public transport authority. The Berlin S-Bahn is now an integral part of the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg, the unique tariff zone for all kinds of public transit in and around Berlin and the federal state (''Bundesland'') of Brandenburg. ==Introduction== The brand name "S-Bahn" chosen in 1930 mirrored ''U-Bahn'', which had become the official brand name for the Berlin city-owned rapid transit lines begun under the name of ''Berliner Hoch- und Untergrundbahnen'' (Berlin elevated and underground lines), where the word of mouth had abbreviated "Untergrundbahn" to "U-Bahn", in parallel to "U-Boot" formed from "Unterseeboot" ("undersea ship" – submarine). Services on the Berlin S-Bahn have been provided by the Prussian or German national railway company of the respective time, which means the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft after the First World War, the Deutsche Reichsbahn until 1993 (except West Berlin from 1984 to 1994) and Deutsche Bahn after its incorporation in 1994. The Berlin S-Bahn consists today of 15 lines serving 166 stations, and runs over a total route length of . The S-Bahn carried 395 million passengers in 2012. It is integrated with the mostly underground U-Bahn to form the backbone of Berlin's rapid transport system. Unlike the U-Bahn, the S-Bahn crosses Berlin city limits into the surrounding state of Brandenburg, e.g. to Potsdam. Although the S- and U-Bahn are part of a unified fare system, they have different operators. The S-Bahn is operated by ''S-Bahn Berlin GmbH'', a subsidiary of the Deutsche Bahn, whereas the U-Bahn is run by BVG, the main public transit company for the city of Berlin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Berlin S-Bahn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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